The world of wine is undergoing a transformation driven by a greater focus on sustainability and health. Among the types gaining growing interest are organic and natural wines, two distinct but often confused categories. In this article, we’ll explore what they are, the regulations governing them, and the main differences between the two types of wine.
What are organic wines?
Organic wines, or bio-wines, are produced using methods that respect the environment and protect biodiversity. For a wine to be labeled organic, specific standards must be met both in the vineyard and in the cellar.
Regulations on organic wines
Since 2012, organic wine production in Europe has been regulated by Regulation (EU) 203/2012, which establishes the criteria for organic farming and winemaking. Among the main requirements is the ban on the use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and synthetic substances in the vineyard. Even during winemaking, the use of sulfites is limited, and only natural additives and adjuvants must be used where necessary.
What are natural wines?
Natural wines represent a more extreme production philosophy than organic wines. Their goal is to produce a wine that fully expresses its terroir, with the least possible human intervention. In practice, natural wine is produced without the use of chemical additives, either in the vineyard or in the cellar, and through spontaneous fermentations.
Regulations on natural wines
Unlike organic wines, natural wines are not regulated at the European level. In some countries, such as France, private certifications exist that establish standards, but these are not officially recognized. The lack of uniform regulations complicates the definition of natural wines, leaving it up to producers and consortia to establish criteria and guidelines.
Main differences between organic and natural wines
While sharing a focus on an environmentally friendly approach, organic and natural wines have some substantial differences:
- Regulations and certifications: organic wines are certified at European level, while natural wines have no official regulations.
- Cellar interventions: In organic wines, some natural additives are permitted, such as sulfites in small quantities; in natural wines, the use of additives is minimized and only indigenous yeasts are used for spontaneous fermentations.
- Production process: the production of natural wines is even more minimalist than organic wines, almost completely eliminating human intervention during winemaking.
The commercial evolution of organic and natural wines
In recent years, both organic and natural wines have seen significant growth in the market.
The growth of organic wines
Over the years, organic certification has become a true standard for those seeking environmentally friendly wines. Consumers, increasingly attentive to product quality and origin, have pushed many companies to switch to organic. Today, organic wines are available in most specialized stores and large-scale retailers.
The evolution of natural wines
Natural wines, initially a niche product, are now finding their commercial footing, thanks in part to the support of restaurants and specialized wine shops. This movement has helped promote natural wine as a unique experience, a return to origins that emphasizes purity and simplicity.
Which one to choose?
If you’re looking for an environmentally friendly and certified wine, organic wines are an excellent choice. Natural wines, on the other hand, represent a “purer” and uncompromising alternative, perfect for those who want to experience wine in its most authentic essence.
Knowing the difference between organic and natural wines allows you to make an informed choice and appreciate the different nuances that each production approach brings to the glass.
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